Still Can't Live With 'Em

   It's US Cyber Security Month and, like clockwork, we have Yahoo! in the news again telling us that the worst case from the past just keeps getting worster (I can make up words, can't I??? :-).  They are now counting their breached accounts at over 3 billion!  How many people are there in the world these days?...  Last year at this time, they announced the breach of 500 million Yahoo! account passwords and other info (while announced in 2016, the breach actually took place in 2014, and is not the same as the password breach they had in 2012! - yes, I know... it's hard to keep up!).  In honor of both Cyber Security Month and Yahoo!, I'm re-running a post I wrote in... wait for it... 2012!  Not only is everything I wrote in that post 100% relevant today, but I even commented on that 2012 Yahoo! breach.  The more things change, the more they stay the same.  Happy Cyber Security Month!

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   They're dead.  They're here to stay.

   They're safe.  They're breached.

   They're encrypted.  They're visible.

   They're complex.  They're too simple.

   Once again, the topic we love to hate... Passwords!  And, you know what else???  It's also that greatest of holiday celebrations... US Cyber Security Month!

   Passwords are a mess!  A "good" password has these features:

• hard to create
• hard to remember
• hard to enter
• probably has to be changed as soon as you memorize it
• plus other inconsistent, random rules depending upon the site

   Perfect!

Because Math

   Encryption has been in the news again - whether it's ransomware, law enforcement and iPhones, bitcoin, quantum computing, or potential new laws.  Before we can "decrypt" all these issues, we need to talk a bit about what encryption is and isn't.

   There's an old saying in Security... "if you think encryption is the answer, you might not have understood the question".  I never liked the tone of that statement because it sounds kind of elitist, but it is basically true.  And that's because encryption is very confusing.

   Encrypting data is great because it means it can't read by unauthorized people.  And that is the trick... how to let the right people in and keep the wrong people out.  If my encrypted data is unreadable by anyone then that's called Ransomware!

   Encrypting my data so only I can read it is pretty easy.  It means that only I need the "key".  Of course, I better not loose that key!  Encrypting my data so I can share it with you is also pretty easy.  We just need a "shared secret".  If I need to share my data with a bunch of people then we get into something called "public key cryptography".  Here's a good explanation of that.

   Encryption is basically a solved problem.  Because math.  #math.  There are many great algorithms with cool names like Elliptic Curve, RSA and Two-Fish.

How To Vault (part 1)

   I was recently asked to provide more information on vaults.  I think this is a memorable one :-).

  Well, to be more precise, the question was about password vaults...

you've talked about password vaults and it seems like something should do, but I'm not sure how to start and it still seems a bit scary.

   That is a great question.  We've talked about passwords and password vaults a number of times in the past including here, here and here.

   But why do we even need something like a password vault.  There are a few reasons, and they have to do with the problems passwords pose:

The Secret Life of Passwords

   I've written about passwords plenty of times in the past.  Passwords are one of the main security touch-points for people, and it's often not a pleasant experience.

   As we've discussed, it's hard for people to pick good passwords and remember them.  So users need "tricks" to help the memory.  One way I've told people to construct a password is to base the password on an embarrassing moment in your life - that way you won't forget the password and you also won't tell it to anyone else.

   Apparently people have been using that, and similar, methods.  NY Times reporter Ian Urbana wrote a great piece on this called "The Secret Life of Passwords".  He asked people to tell him their passwords - yes, you shouldn't do that - but also the story behind the passwords.  There are some very interesting stories.  People seem to memorialize a part of their life in their passwords!  You can read the full story here.  Leo Laporte did a great interview with Ian in the Triangulation podcast.  You can hear that here.

   I'd like to focus to two aspects of this story that jumped out at me.

   First is the story of Cantor Fitzgerald.  They are a large financial firm who were headquartered at the World Trade Center in 2001.  When the terrorist attacks hit the towers, Cantor Fitzgerald over two-thirds of their employees were killed.  That was tragic.

Bad Policies = Bad Passwords

   It seems that passwords are in the news again.  In the past I've discussed a number of aspects of the password dilemma.  Among the key issues are:

• good passwords are hard to remember, and;
• passwords you can remember are easy for attackers to guess.

   Adding to this mess is that many organizations do a poor job of protecting their storage of your password.  And now we have some new information...

Many organizations allow you to pick poor passwords on their websites by enforcing few or weak password construction requirements.

   We call these password policies, and these specify things like: how long the password can be; the minimum length it must be; what kinds of characters can or must be used; if the password needs to change, and; if there are some passwords that can't be chosen.

Rhymes with Assword

   Here we go again with more password-related problems.  You can't make this stuff up.  Well, you can but the truth is stranger.

   By now, most people have heard about the Adobe website breach.  I won't go into too many details but you can read Adobe's summary here, and here is a detailed review by Sophos.

   And, after I wrote this post I see that the This Week In Tech (TWIT) show on the great Twit TV network did a show of the same name (go to 1:56:20 in the show). Great minds think alike!  If you read the Sophos report you will see that someone used the phrase "rhymes with assword" as their password hint.

   There are a few key points to review:

• A new record!  This breach has now set the new record for largest number of compromised accounts, 152,000,000, beating previous noteworthy large breaches including those from Sony, TJX and Heartland.